Figure 3: (a) Root-mean-square (rms) difference between COADS Qa and ANN Qa. (b) RMS difference between COADS Qa and Qa derived from the W-Qa relationship of Liu (1986). Scale is in (g kg-1). (c) Average COADS monthly sampling during the testing sample (August 1988-July 1989 and August 1992-July 1993). Scale is in obser- vations per month times 10. Places marked with "X" denote missing data.